ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the pulmonary pathology in patients died of fatal human influenza A(H1N1) infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eight cases of fatal human influenza A (H1N1) infection, including 2 autopsy cases and 6 paramortem needle puncture biopsies, were enrolled into the study. Histologic examination, immunohistochemitry, flow cytometry and Western blotting were carried out.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The major pathologic changes included necrotizing bronchiolitis with surrounding inflammation, diffuse alveolar damage and pulmonary hemorrhage. Influenza viral antigen expression was detected in the lung tissue by Western blotting. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated the presence of nuclear protein and hemagglutinin virus antigens in parts of trachea, bronchial epithelium and glands, alveolar epithelium, macrophages and endothelium. Flow cytometry showed that the apoptotic rate of type II pneumocytes (32.15%, 78.15%) was significantly higher than that of the controls (1.93%, 3.77%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Necrotizing bronchiolitis, diffuse alveolar damage and pulmonary hemorrhage followed by pulmonary fibrosis in late stage are the major pathologic changes in fatal human influenza A (H1N1) infection.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Alveolar Epithelial Cells , Pathology , Antigens, Viral , Metabolism , Apoptosis , Autopsy , Biopsy, Needle , Bronchiolitis, Viral , Pathology , Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus , Metabolism , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Allergy and Immunology , Influenza, Human , Metabolism , Mortality , Pathology , Virology , Lung , Allergy and Immunology , Metabolism , Pathology , Nuclear Proteins , Metabolism , Pulmonary Alveoli , Pathology , Pulmonary Fibrosis , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the distribution and expression of fibromodulin, decorin and biglycan in developing normal periodontal tissues, so as to understand its role in periodontal tissue formation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty six BALB/c mice in different developing stages were killed and their bilateral mandibular first molars with surrounding alveolar bones and gingival tissues were taken out, Power Vision two steps immunohistochemical method with anti-fibromodulin, anti-decorin and anti-biglycan was used to detect the tissue distribution and cellular localization of fibromodulin and related proteoglycans, decorin and biglycan.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fibromodulin was strongly expressed in the subcutaneous gingival connective tissue, periodontal ligament, mainly in gingival and periodontal fibroblasts as well as their matrices. Strong expression was also noted in the area close to the interfaces of periodontal ligament-alveolar bone and periodontal ligament-cementum. Decorin was strongly expressed in the area of gingival connective tissue, periodontal ligament and the surface of alveolar bone, while biglycan was stained evidently in gingival connective tissue throughout the period of investigation, but negative in the surface of alveolar bone and osteoblasts.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Fibromodulin may interact with decorin and biglycan to regulate the network formation of gingival connective tissues and periodontal collagen fibers, and may be involved in mineralization of the alveolar bone and cementum.</p>